That Was Then... The birth of music downloads, file sharing and piracy

If you're under the age of 20, it's unlikely you remember a time when you couldn't instantly access and download pretty much any music track you wanted.

Even for those of us a little older, it might already seem strange to think of a time before the digital music revolution.

But back in 1998, digital music was in its infancy - and nobody quite knew what to make of it. In fact, the record industry wanted download sites and MP3 players banned.

This news article, which appeared in the Awards 1998 issue of What Hi-Fi?, published in September that year, is a snapshot of that uncertainty.

MORE: That Was Then... Apple iPod review

Piracy was seen as the key issue. There was as yet no legal digital music stores online - relatively few people were online, full stop - already there were instances of music being made available to download for free.

The catalyst for this was the launch of one of the world's first mass-market digital audio players, the MPMan from Korean company Saehan.

The MPMan was a £185 portable player that could store "up to 60 minutes of music". This was followed by more 'MP3 players', as they would become known, from Archos and Creative, before the launch of the Apple iPod in October 2001.

"Euro MPs are soon to vote on draft legislation to curb internet music," read the What Hi-Fi? story. "The move's sparked by the number of illegal music websites and the invention of several Walkman-style, pocket-sized players to store music downloaded from the Net.

"There could be 80,000 copyright-infringing MP3 files on the internet, says the International Federation of Phonographic Industries (IFPI)." A figure that seems positively tiny compared to the 37 million+ songs available on iTunes today.

Back in 1998, it was more than enough to seriously worry the music industry. The IFPI, which is still the body for the music industry today, wanted the sites and the players stopped in their tracks.

A spokesman for the IFPI is quoted saying: "The MPMan has to be a major concern. Most MP3 sites are unauthorised and shouldn't be there; neither should the MPMan."

The following year (June 1999) would see the launch of file-sharing site Napster, and the subsequent rapid rise of file sharing and the debate around it, which still continues today.

As for legally available digital music… that was a surprisingly radical idea back in 1998, as we noted: "But many believe that music piracy on the internet is so rampant as to be virtually beyond control. The only option is to take on the pirates by making MP3 music legally available on the Net for a price."

Apple would launch iTunes in 2001, and the rest is history. But as the above shows, it could all have been very different…

See all our portable music player reviews

TOPICS
Joe Cox
Content Director

Joe is the Content Director for What Hi-Fi? and Future’s Product Testing, having previously been the Global Editor-in-Chief of What Hi-Fi?. He has worked on What Hi-Fi? across the print magazine and website for almost 20 years, writing news, reviews and features on everything from turntables to TVs, headphones to hi-fi separates. He has covered product launch events across the world, from Apple to Technics, Sony and Samsung; reported from CES, the Bristol Show, and Munich High End for many years; and written for sites such as the BBC, Stuff and The Guardian. In his spare time, he enjoys expanding his vinyl collection and cycling (not at the same time).

Read more
Spotify screenshot banner image
UK music sales hit a 20-year high in 2024 as streaming dominates
Portable music player: Sony NW-A306
Best Apple iPod Touch alternatives 2025: budget and premium models tested by our experts
A woman flicking through stacks of vinyl records in a Rough Trade shop.
Vinyl records and music streaming both hit landmark highs – but the one growing faster in revenue may surprise you
Back Issues lead shot with covers of February 2005 and February 2025 magazines
20 years ago: plasma TVs, budget speakers and a very different kind of surround sound package
Fiio CP13 and DM13 with CD and cassette cases
Gimmick or Godsend? I spent a week with FiiO’s retro cassette deck and Discman to test their modern-day merit
January 1984 cover of What Hi-Fi? alongside April 2025
Bylines and star ratings: how things have changed in What Hi-Fi? reviews over the decades
Latest in Music Streaming
Qobuz
Qobuz reveals average payout per stream – and claims it is higher than rivals
George Benson Give Me the Night album cover
This Quincy Jones-produced disco tune has become my go-to test track – and taught me a valuable lesson about hi-fi, too
A woman flicking through stacks of vinyl records in a Rough Trade shop.
Vinyl records and music streaming both hit landmark highs – but the one growing faster in revenue may surprise you
Apple Music Classical
Apple Music Classical lands on the web – but there's bad news for Mac users
Nirvana In Utero album cover
11 of the best closing tracks for testing your headphones or hi-fi system
Spotify updates its homescreen
An agonising timeline of our eight-year wait for lossless Spotify HiFi streaming
Latest in Features
LG C5 55-inch OLED TV
Now is a great time to buy a new OLED TV, but not a 2025 model
George Benson Give Me the Night album cover
This Quincy Jones-produced disco tune has become my go-to test track – and taught me a valuable lesson about hi-fi, too
LG C5 55-inch OLED TV
Should you pre-order the LG C5? This five-star OLED TV is excellent, but there is a catch
Now Showing David Bowie in Labyrinth
Our AV reviewers revisit a ballsy David Bowie classic, a sci-fi masterpiece and more
KEF LS50 Wireless II streaming speaker system on a desk next to the the Technics SC-CX700
4 things Technics needs to do to beat KEF’s LS50 Wireless II hi-fi system and one area where it’s better
Sony RGB Mini LED diagram with Adventures in AV logo
Sony's new OLED killer could be the most exciting thing to happen to TVs in a decade